Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, often cause discomfort when they emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. Pain from wisdom teeth can vary from mild to severe and is usually linked to complications like gum inflammation, infections, or impaction. Understanding the cause of the pain is the first step toward effective management and relief.
Common Causes of Wisdom Teeth Pain
Impacted Wisdom Teeth
When wisdom teeth do not have enough space to emerge properly, they become impacted. Impacted teeth can press against neighboring teeth and gums, leading to swelling, tenderness, and pain.
Gum Inflammation and Gum Disease
Partially erupted wisdom teeth can trap food particles and bacteria around the gum line, resulting in gum inflammation or even gum disease (periodontitis). This inflammation often causes redness, swelling, and pain around the affected area.
Infections
Pericoronitis, a common infection related to wisdom teeth, occurs when the gum tissue around a partially erupted tooth becomes infected. This infection can cause severe pain, bad breath, and difficulty opening the mouth.
Medications to Take for Wisdom Teeth Pain
Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers
The first line of treatment for wisdom teeth pain is often over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications. These include:
Ibuprofen: A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, swelling, and inflammation.
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Provides effective pain relief but does not reduce inflammation.
Ibuprofen is generally preferred due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which target both pain and swelling associated with wisdom teeth problems.
Prescription Pain Medications
In cases of severe pain, a dentist or oral surgeon may prescribe stronger painkillers such as opioids (e.g., hydrocodone or oxycodone). These should be used cautiously and only under professional supervision due to the risk of side effects and dependency.
Antibiotics for Infection
If a bacterial infection is present due to gum disease or pericoronitis, antibiotics may be prescribed to eliminate the infection. Common antibiotics include:
- Amoxicillin
- Clindamycin (for patients allergic to penicillin)
Antibiotics do not relieve pain directly but help control infection, reducing associated inflammation and discomfort.
Home Remedies and Supportive Care
Saltwater Rinse
Rinsing the mouth gently with warm saltwater helps reduce bacteria, soothe gum inflammation, and promote healing around the wisdom teeth area. Use a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse several times daily.
Cold Compress
Applying a cold compress or ice pack on the cheek near the painful area helps numb the pain and reduce swelling. Apply for 15-20 minutes every few hours as needed.
Good Oral Hygiene
Maintaining thorough oral hygiene is essential. Brushing gently around the wisdom teeth and flossing regularly prevents food trapping and bacterial buildup, which can worsen gum inflammation and lead to gum disease.
Avoid Irritants
Avoid smoking, alcohol, and very hot or spicy foods as they can irritate the gums and exacerbate pain and inflammation.
When to See a Dentist or Oral Surgeon
If pain persists despite taking OTC painkillers, or if you notice symptoms such as severe swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing, or pus discharge, seek professional dental care immediately. Persistent gum inflammation and untreated infections can lead to serious complications.
Possible Treatments by Professionals
Extraction: Removal of impacted or problematic wisdom teeth is often recommended to prevent recurrent pain and infections.
Incision and Drainage: For abscesses or severe infections, drainage might be necessary.
Scaling and Root Planing: For gum disease related to wisdom teeth, professional cleaning treatments may be advised.
Summary: Key Points on What to Take for Wisdom Teeth Pain
- Start with OTC pain relievers such as ibuprofen for pain and inflammation.
- Antibiotics are necessary if infection is diagnosed by a professional.
- Use home remedies like saltwater rinses and cold compresses to soothe symptoms.
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene to prevent gum disease and gum inflammation.
- Seek prompt dental care for persistent or severe symptoms.
Conclusion
Managing wisdom teeth pain effectively involves a combination of proper medications, supportive home care, and professional treatment when necessary. Addressing gum inflammation and preventing gum disease are crucial steps to reducing pain and complications. Always consult with a dental expert to receive a tailored treatment plan that ensures your oral health is maintained during wisdom teeth eruption or removal.
